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Natural and Physical Sciences


Adams, D. L. (1993, November). Instructional techniques for introducing critical thinking and life-long learning in science courses. Journal of College Science Teaching, 23(2), 100-104.

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Allen, R. D. (1981, November). Intellectual development and the understanding of science: Applications of William Perry's theory of understanding. Journal of College Teaching, 11(2), 94-97.

Allen, R. D., & Stroup, D. J. (1993). Teaching critical thinking skills in biology. Unpublished manuscript.
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Amyotte, P. R. (1991, Summer). Development and use of open-ended problems. Chemical Engineering Education, 25(3), 158-163.

Anderson, C. P. (1988, March). The mystery of consumer chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 65(3), 217.

Barba, R. H., & Rubba, P. A. (1992, April). Procedural task analysis: A tool for science education problem-solving research. School Science and Mathematics, 92(4), 188-192.

Bezzi, A. (1991, September). A MacIntosh program for improving three-dimensional thinking. Journal of Geological Education, 39(4), 284-288.

Bicak, C. J., & Bicak, L. J. (1990, May). Connections across the disciplines. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(6), 336-339.

Bodner, G. M. (1988, March). Consumer chemistry: Critical thinking at the concrete level. Journal of Chemical Education, 65(3), 212-213.

Bodner, G. M. (1991, May). I have found you an argument: The conceptual knowledge of beginning chemsitry graduate students. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(5), 385-388.

Brady, J. A., & Others. (1990, June). Lewis structure skills: Taxonomy and difficulty levels. Journal of Chemical Education, 67(6), 491-493.

Briscoe, C., & LaMaster, S. U. (1991, April). Meaningful learning in college biology through concept mapping. American Biology Teacher, 53(4), 214-219.

Bromage, B. K., & Mayer, R. E. (1981, August). Relationship between what is remembered and creative problem-solving performance in science learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(4), 451-461.

Bruce, A. S., & Jochums, B. L. (1990, September/October). Applying problem-solving methods to a clinical lab sciences curriculum. Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(1), 38-41.

Buchar, C. (1993). Fetal tissue transplants: The catch-22 of the 90's. In W. Oxman, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking as an educational ideal: Proceedings of the 1992 fifth annual conference of the institute for critical thinking, (pp. 372-374). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Bunce, D. M., & Hutchinson, K. D. (1993, March). The use of GALT (group assessment of logical thinking) as a predictor of academic success in college chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), 183-186.

Bunce, D. M., & Others. (1991, August). Enhancing chemistry problem-solving achievement using problem categorization. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28(6), 505-522.

Byrne, M., & Johnstone, A. (1983, Autumn). Interactive units for the development of critical attitudes. Simulation/Games for Learning, 13(3), 95-103.

Carbonell, J. G., & Others (1984, November). Towards a general scientific reasoning engine. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie-Mellon University.
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Chan, M. A. (1993, May). Artwork and creative drawing -- tools for learning and geologic synthesis. Journal of Geological Education, 41(3), 222-225.

Chiras, D. D. (1992, November/December). Teaching critical thinking skills in the biology and environmental science classrooms. American Biology Teacher, 54(8), 464-469.

Cliburn, J. W., Jr. (1990, February). Concept maps to promote meaningful learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(4), 212-231.

Combs, L. L. (1993, June). Creative learners in physical chemistry and modern physics. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(6), 462-464.

Cooley, J. H. (1991, June). A problem-solving approach to teaching organic laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(6), 503-504.

Cowan, J. (1986). Are we neglecting real analytical skills in engineering education? European Journal of Engineering Education, 11(1), 67-73.

Crow, L. W., & Haws, S. G. (1985, April). The effects of teaching logical reasoning upon students' critical thinking and science achievement. Paper presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, French Lick Springs, IN
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Crow, L. W. (1989, November). The nature of critical thinking. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(2), 114-116.

Davis, B. (1992). Scientific reasoning and the fallacy of affirming the consequent: A challenge for critical thinking. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 1, (pp. 73-79). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

de Nevers, N., & Seader, J. D. (1992, Spring). Helping students develop a critical attitude towards chemical process calculations. Chemical Engineering Education, 26(2), 88-93.

Demastes, S., & Wandersee, J. H. (1992, January). Biological literacy in a college biology classroom. Bioscience, 42(1), 63-65.

Dobson, H. D., & Hranitz, J. (1992). Adapting the thinking processes to enhance science skills in females and minorities. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 428-433). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, NJ.

Dunkhase, J. A., & Penick, J. E. (1990, May). Problem solving in the real world. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(6), 367-370.

Dutton, D., & Krausz, M. (1981). The concept of creativity in science and art, Boston, MA: M. Nijhoff.

Elliot, N., Lewandowski, G., Tomkins, R., Barat, R., & Opie, J. (1992). Programmatic development of critical thinking in the chemical engineering curriculum. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 496-510). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State University.

Flaspohler, R. J., & Swords, M. D. (1985, November). A general education biology course that works. Journal of College Science Teaching, 15(2), 117-119.

Fowler, R. G. (1987). Toward a quantitative theory of intellectual discovery. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1(1), 11-20.

Fox, M., & Ward, D. (1993). Multiculturalism, liberalism, and science. In W. Oxman, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking as an educational ideal: Proceedings of the 1992 fifth annual conference of the institute for critical thinking, (pp. 333-340). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State University.

Friedel, A. W., & Others. (1990, December). Using analogs for chemistry problem solving: Does it increase understanding? School Science and Mathematics, 90(8), 674-682.

Garafalo, F., & LoPresti, V. (1992). Promoting concept mastery in the natural sciences: An integrated freshman biology/chemistry curriculum. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 472-479). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Garrett, A. B. (1980, January). Some stepping stones in the grand venture. Journal of Chemical Education, 57(1), 62-64.

Gibbs, A., & Lawson, A. E. (1992, March). The nature of scientific thinking as reflected by the work of biologists and by biology textbooks. American Biology Teacher, 54(3), 137-152.

Gipson, M. H., & Others. (1989, December). Relationships between formal-operational thought and conceptual difficulties in genetics problem solving. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 26(9), 811-821.

Goldberg, F. M., & Shuman, J. C. (1984, March/April). Using guided design in a physical science course. Journal of College Science Teaching, 13(5), 350-355.

Goodwin, L., & Others. (1991, November). Teaching freshman to think -- does active learning work? Bioscience, 41(10), 719-722.

Graham, L. R. (1983, Winter). Textbook writing and creativity: The case of Mendeleev. National Forum: Phi Kappa Phi Journal, 63(1), 22-23.

Harison, A. M. (1992). Sophomore organic chemistry -- a closed system for teaching and assessing the ability to be a critical thinker. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 487-495). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Hill, J. W. (1988, March). Using chemical principles to encourage critical thinking in consumer chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 65(3), 209-210.

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Keiser, J. E. (1988, January). The role of surprise in the organic laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 65(1), 78-79.

Kikuchi, M. (1981, September). Creativity and ways of thinking: The Japanese style. Physics Today, 34(9), 42-45, 48-51.

Kinach, B. M., & Moore, C. A. (1992). Toward a model for critical thinking across the curriculum: Science as a pedagogical tool. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 224-234). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Koen, B. V. (1987, January). Generalization of the engineering method to the universal method. Engineering Education, 77(4), 214-221.

Kohn, A. (1993, January). Neural communication in a mnemonic nutshell: A cognitive framework that improves understanding. American Biology Teacher, 55(1), 21-28.

Konold, C. (1987, July). Informal conceptions of probability. Unpublished Manuscript.
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Labianca, D. A., & Reeves, W. J. (1987, Winter). Chemistry for the nonscience major: The hard-boiled chemical detective. College Teaching, 35(1), 9-12.

Lazarowitz, R., & Huppert, Y. (1980, April). Developing creative thinking skills in secondary school biology students. American Biology Teacher, 42(4), 226-228.

Leibold, B. G., Moreland, J. L. C., Ross, D. C., & Butko, J. A. (1976, November). Problem-solving: A freshman experience. Engineering Education, 67(2), 172-176.

Lewis, R. B. (1991, January/February). Creative thinking and learning in a statics class. Engineering Education, 81(1), 15-25.

Lieu, V. T., & Kalbus, G. E. (1988, March). Incorporation of consumer products in the teaching of analytical chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 65(3), 207-208.

Little, G. R. (1984). Creativity and conflict in psychological science. Impact of Science on Society, 34(2-3), 203-210.

Lubkin, J. L. (Ed.). (1980). The teaching of elementary problem solving in engineering and related fields, Washington, DC: American Society for Engineering Education.
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Maciejczyk-Clapham, M., & Schuster, D. H. (1992). Can engineering students be trained to think more creatively? Journal of Creative Behavior, 26(3), 156-162.

Magin, D. J. (1984, June). Confidence and critical awareness as factors in the development of experimentation skills in laboratory courses. Higher Education, 13(3), 265-273.

Mall, D. (1992). The role of slogan claims in biomedical ethics: Focus on abortion. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 337-350). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

McCormack, A. J. (1974, September). Training creative thinking in general education science. Journal of College Science Teaching, 4(1), 10-15.

Meade, J. M., & Scharmann, L. C. (1994, October). Enhancing critical thinking through structured academic controversy. American Biology Teacher, 56(7), 416-419.

Mechanic, J. (1992). Controversial issues in bioethics. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 312-320). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Middleton, J. L. (1991, January). Student-generated analogies in biology. American Biology Teacher, 53(1), 42-47.

Miller, L. L. (1992, February). Molecular anthropomorphism. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(2), 141-142.

Moll, M. B., & Allen, R. D. (1982, November). Developing critical thinking skills in biology. Journal of College Science Teaching, 12(2), 95-98.

Munby, H. (1982, March). What is scientific thinking? A discussion paper. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Science Council of Canada.
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Nakhleh, M. B., & Mitchell, R. C. (1993, March). Concept learning versus problem solving: There is a difference. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), 190-192.

Nelson, L. H. (1992). Feminist science criticism and critical thinking. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 1, (pp. 80-89). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Norton, S., & Others. (1985, November). The effects of an independent laboratory investigation on the critical thinking ability and scientific attitude of students in a general microbiology class. Paper presented at the 14th Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Research Association, Biloxi, MS
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Nussbaum, F. E., Jr. (1991, May). Introduce successful library assignments to students in biological sciences. American Biology Teacher, 53(5), 301-304.

O'Keefe, D. J. (1992). A simple calculation for teaching critical thinking in thermodynamics. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 522-529). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Owusu, Y. A. (1992). Systems approach methodology for improving the standards of graduating engineers. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 511-521). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Porush, D., & Benzon, W. (1983, Summer). Educating engineers: The usefulness of the humanities. ADE Bulletin, (75), 18-21.

Prausnitz, J. M. (1985, Winter). Toward encouraging creativity in students. Chemical Engineering Education, 19(1), 22-25.

Quigley, M. N. (1992, February). Performance enhancement through mnemonic training. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(2), 138-140.

Reid, R. K. (1994, April). Creative thinking exercise. American Biology Teacher, 56(4), 226-228.

Reif, F. (1982, March). How can chemists teach problem solving? Suggestions derived from studies of cognitive processes. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Chemical Society, Las Vegas, NV
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Reif, F., & Larkin, J. H. (1991, November). Cognition in scientific and everyday domains: Comparison and learning implications. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28(9), 733-760.

Rhodes, G., & Schaible, R. (1989, February). Fact, law, and theory: Ways of thinking in science and literature. Journal of College Science Teaching, 18(4), 228-232.

Ritger, S. D., & Cummins, R. H. (1991). Using student-created metaphors to comprehend geologic time. Journal of Geological Education, 39(1), 9-11.

Rosenbaum, M. (1992). Developing critical thinking skills through the use of environmental moral dilemma activities. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 362-366). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

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Ross, J. B. (1992). Groping for the right image in the engineering sciences: John Waddell and "the fallacy of misplaced concreteness". In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 1, (pp. 165-172). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Rothaug, W. (1992). Critical thinking in introductory college science courses: What direction should we pursue? In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 464-471). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

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Runo, J. J., & Peters, D. G. (1993, September). Climbing a potential ladder to understanding concepts in electrochemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(9), 708-712.

Schaible, R., & Rhodes, G. (1992). Science and religion in the classroom: Practical considerations of content and pedagogy. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 351-361). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Schueler, P. (1993). Critical thinking in introductory chemistry. In W. Oxman, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking as an educational ideal: Proceedings of the 1992 fifth annual conference of the institute for critical thinking, (pp. 363-366). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

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Shannon, K. M. (1992). Using writing to encourage students to think critically about mathematics and science. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 395-407). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

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Smith, M. U. (1988, April). Expertise, mental representations, and problem-solving success: A study of the categorizations of classical genetics problems by biology faculty, genetic counselors, and students. Paper presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Lake of the Ozarks, MO
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Suits, J. P., & Lagowski, J. J. (1994, March). Chemistry problem-solving abilities: Gender, reasoning level, and computer-simulated experiments. Unpublished manuscript.

Tamir, P., Penick, J. E., & Lunetta, V. N. (1982, February). Cognitive preferences and creativity: An exploratory study. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 19(2), 123-131.

Totherow, W. D. (1992). Survival chemistry: A course for non-majors that really is different. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 480-486). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Tyser, R. W., & Cerbin, W. J. (1991, January). Critical thinking exercises for introductory biology courses. BioScience, 41(1), 41-46.

Uenishi, R. K. (1984). Creativity and originality in science. Impact of Science on Society, 34(2-3), 221-229.

Uno, G. E. (1988, April). Teaching college and college-bound biology students. American Biology Teacher, 50(4), 213-216.

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Wales, C. E., & Others. (1988, April). Do your students think or do they memorize? Engineering Education, 78(7), 682-688.

Ward, D. V. (1992). Biomedical technology and the indeterminate conditions of decision making. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein (Eds.), Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 2, (pp. 321-328). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

Weinstein, M. (1992). Critical thinking and the goals of science education. In W. Oxman-Michelli, & M. Weinstein, Critical thinking: Focus on science and technology. Proceedings from the 1990 conference. Volume 1, (pp. 27-42). Upper Montclair, NJ: Institute for Critical Thinking, Montclair State College.

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Whittington, M. S., & Newcomb, L. H. (1993). Aspired cognitive level of instruction, assessed cognitive level of instruction and attitude toward teaching at higher cognitive levels. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.
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Wilke, A., & Granger, C. R. (1987). Restructuring introductory biology according to the learning cycle instructional strategy. Washington, DC: American Association of State Colleges and Universities.
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Williams, J. P. (1992, December). A mnemonic for the Krebs cycle. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(2), 985-986.

Winchell, D., & Elder, D. (1992, November/December). Writing in the geography curriculum. Journal of Geography, 91(6), 273-276.

Wollman, W., & Lawrenz, F. (1984, April). Identifying potential "dropouts" from college physics classes. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 21(4), 385-390.

Zielinski, E. J., & Sarachine, D. M. (1990, November). Creativity and criticism. Science Teacher, 57, 18-22.